Association between temporomandibular disorders and anxiety in students at a private higher education institution in Belo Horizonte – MG.
Keywords:
Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome, Bruxism, Anxiety, studentsAbstract
Introduction: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) involve a series of maxillomandibular changes that can create painful symptoms and worsen the quality of life of patients with them. Bruxism, characterized by the grinding or clenching of teeth due to contraction of the masticatory muscles, is a condition with an inconclusive etiology. The association of bruxism with TMD and factors such as anxiety may play a significant role. Furthermore, the stressful academic environment can favor the development of anxiety disorders in students.
Objectives: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the association between TMDs, bruxism and anxiety symptoms in undergraduate higher education students.
Materials and Methods: The study sample was composed of undergraduate higher education students who underwent a clinical examination and answered three questionnaires to assess bruxism (self-report of bruxism), TMD (Fonseca Anamnestic Index) and anxiety (Anxiety Inventory State-Trait / STAI). Participant selection criteria and data collection procedures were described in detail. The collected data was stored in a database and descriptive analyzes were carried out. Next, logistic regression models were adjusted between each variable independently and the outcomes (degree of bruxism and degree of TMD).
Results: The research involved 102 university students, the majority of whom were women (73.5%), with an average age of 26.8 years. The sample distribution revealed that 24.5% had a medium or high degree of bruxism. Although a significant association was not observed between the degree of bruxism, sex, age and anxiety (p > 0.05), it was identified that students with a high state of anxiety are nine times more likely to have moderate or severe TMD than those of low anxiety (OR=9.62; 95% CI: 2.63-45.69), p <0.05. Students with medium or high anxiety traits are three times more likely to have moderate or severe TMD than those with low levels (OR=3.00; 95% CI: 1.03-8.78), p<0
.05.
Conclusion: The study suggests an association between the degree of trait and state anxiety and the intensity of TMD manifestation in undergraduate students. These findings highlight the importance of considering psychological factors, such as anxiety, in the assessment and management of TMDs in academic contexts.
Keywords: Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome, Bruxism, Anxiety, students
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