O papel dos macronutrientes na resposta de hipertrofia muscular durante o treinamento resistido: uma revisão narrativa.
Palavras-chave:
Macronutrientes, Hipertrofia muscular, Proteína, Treinamento resistido, Nutrição esportivaResumo
O treinamento resistido é amplamente reconhecido por sua eficácia na promoção da hipertrofia muscular, força e melhora do condicionamento físico. No entanto, para que essas adaptações ocorram de maneira otimizada, a nutrição exerce papel fundamental, especialmente quanto à ingestão adequada e estratégica dos macronutrientes: proteínas, carboidratos e lipídios. Esta revisão narrativa teve como objetivo verificar o papel de cada macronutriente no processo de hipertrofia, com ênfase no timing nutricional e necessidades individuais. A proteína, particularmente a de alto valor biológico, é essencial para a síntese proteica muscular, sendo recomendado um consumo entre 1,6 e 2,2 g/kg/dia, com ajustes para populações específicas, como idosos. Os carboidratos contribuem para a manutenção dos estoques de glicogênio e atuam na modulação da fadiga e da recuperação muscular. Os lipídios, embora menos discutidos, possuem funções importantes na regulação hormonal e como substrato energético em treinos com intensidade baixa a moderada. A interação entre dieta e treinamento evidencia que uma alimentação estrategicamente planejada potencializa os efeitos do exercício, tornando o aporte nutricional um elemento central na otimização da hipertrofia. Conclui-se que a manipulação consciente e personalizada dos macronutrientes, aliada à prática regular do treinamento resistido, representa uma abordagem eficaz para maximizar os resultados de força, massa muscular e desempenho físico.
timingnutricional e necessidades individuais. A proteína, particularmente a de alto valor biológico, é essencial para a síntese proteica muscular, sendo recomendado um consumo entre 1,6 e 2,2 g/kg/dia, com ajustes para populações específicas, como idosos. Os carboidratos contribuem para a manutenção dos estoques de glicogênio e atuam na modulação da fadiga e da recuperação muscular. Os lipídios, embora menos discutidos, possuem funções importantes na regulação hormonal e como substrato energético em treinos com intensidade baixa a moderada. A interação entre dieta e treinamento evidencia que uma alimentação estrategicamente planejada potencializa os efeitos do exercício, tornando o aporte nutricional um elemento central na otimização da hipertrofia. Conclui-se que a manipulação consciente e personalizada dos macronutrientes, aliada à prática regular do treinamento resistido, representa uma abordagem eficaz para maximizar os resultados de força, massa muscular e desempenho físico.
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